An Integrated GIS-Based Three-Dimensional Subsurface Visualization System

Abstract

In civil engineering the precise definition of the subsurface is crucial to ensure the safety and durability of structures that are built on the surface or even underground. This region is highly uncertain and engineering judgments are based on a limited number of soil investigation data-sets which is later interpreted via 2-D plotted images. The aim is to identify any anomalies underground that need to be addressed prior to construction. However, to what extent this 2-D graphical method provides the necessary means to infer a good result is always a questionable feat. It is known for a fact that the entire subsurface needs to be visualized as a voluminous object that is representative as possible of its complex natural formation to enable such anomalies to emerge. Hence, the current visualization method needs changing, and engineers need to be empowered with a tool that allows full access of the subsurface region in order for them to be able to interact with it and infer the correct outcomes. Such a process could subsequently reduce the risk of failures and the resulting damages they cause towards humans and the environment.

This research focuses on a computer-aided 3-D subsurface visualization system design based on a volumetric technique. This highly specialized technique is commonly found in the medical imaging arena. Its uses were formulated within a civil engineering context by representing subsurface data into a voluminous model for the purpose of preparing a final rendition of the subsurface as a “glass object”. The object allows an insight view of the overall region of the subsurface. Subsequent to that, the research addresses the limitation of a visualization only system in the areas of data management and data interpolation by integrating it with a database system and an interpolation package. Finally, to address the original aim of the research, which is to produce a tool for engineers to visualize the subsurface efficiently, the system is given a user interface via the formulation of a web application framework.